The Zhytomyr Philharmonic in the Cultural Space of the City. 80 Years of the Activity
Background. The Philharmonic is one of the highest and the most prominent achievemenets in the hisrory of the European Culture. The philharmonial activity, near the system of musical education and opera theatres depicts the level of the musical culture of each country. The activities of the philharmonics and their role in the cultural space of Ukraine did not pay enough attention of the culturologists and the musicologists. During the last two years weere published a lot of presentational or advertisery editions, that were dedicated to the prominent dates (jubilees) of the several philharmonics in relional centres of Ukraine. But their authors didn`t have an aim to explore the phenomena of the philharmonics, that were created in the 30th years of 20th century in the former Soviet Union and entered the new cultural and historical realities of the 21-th century. The aim of an article.Basedon documents and the mass media materials to explore the activity of the Zhytomyr philharmonic named after S. Richter, as one of regional philharmonics of the country during the 80 years of it work, to represent the periodization of the musical life of Zhytomyr in 2021 centuries also to predict the further development of the philharmonic in the future. Results. Zhytomyr is the main city of the Great Volhynien always had been known because it`s high level of the musical life beginning from the 19-th century. In the bottom of 1920 centuries was begun the activity of the Zhytomyr Artist`s society, that organised the weekly concerts musical Wednesdays. These concerts became an interesting page in the cultural history of Zhytomyr. In 1905 with the opening in Zhytomyr the Empire Russians Musical Society the concert life got a new meaning and the contents. The main law of the society gave the opportunity of the concert and teacher`s creativity for it`s members. From that time the concert organisation became the main chore of the teachers and pupils of the Music grades of the beginning, and since 1911 of the Musical College. The First World war and the further historical events was a hard hit for all the spheres of the life of the city. But the concerts of the pupils and the teachers of the musical college took place up to the end of 1917 year. The time from 1901 until 1917 we can call the first philharmonical period in the concert life of Zhytomyr. The pecularities of ot: the organised style of the musical life, it`s very high level, regular performances of the Zhytomyr musicians as well as the guests of the concerts, the formation of the attentive, willing and friendly public, that matched to the requirements of the activity of the philarmonical societies in Europe, that had an aim to create the cultural atmosphere not only in the capital cities, but also in the province. The 20th and the 30th years of the 20 century is a very interesting period and productive from the view of the completeness of the concert life. But the initiative was given by the musicians themselves. The new period in the concert life of Zhytomyr beginns in the end of 30th years. The ideological pressure becames stronger, as well as the political oppressions. All the spheres of the cultural life were controlled, also the musical life. In the 1938 it was the beginning of the all the Union gastrol unity, that had the aim of the ideological control under the concert life in all the country. It was created the system that included all the parts of the administration from the capital up to the regional centres. The philharmonics or the concert bureaus were opened in the many cities of the country. In Zhytomyr as well. It was thye beginning of the new soviet period in the concert life of the city. The strict ideological rule and the unificates forms of the concert activity were one of the main traits of the activity of the establishment. In 1941 the activity was interrupted by war and was renewed in 1945, it ends at the times of the Ukrainian Independence. In 50th years the prominent personality in the cultural life of Zhytomyr became Mykola Homychevsky (Borys Ten) a poet, translator, choir conductor and musicologist. The 60th came in the history as the perod oh the Hruchshow`s warm. In the short period the artists felt more freedom of the creativity. Also in that time the new rules denied the philharmonic the state financial support. The 7080 years is the final period of the work of the philharmonic in the sphere of the cultural politics of the Soviet Union. The 90th is the new period in the acrtivity of the Zhytomyr state philharmonic in the Independent Ukraine. The first cultural exchanges were the visits of the musicians from the Belorussian philharmonic. It works instantly, greeting on it`s stage the performers of the world level and prominence. But the main thing is not the amount of concerts, but the assence of the activity of the establishement. Conclusions. Having analyzed the activity of the Zhytomyr Regional Philharmonic, named after S. Richter, we can make a conclusion, that during the 80 years, that the activity of it in the Soviet period was not similar to others in the Europe. But nowadays it is able to return to the tasks of the European philharmonics, that they do during the last centuries.The perepective of the exploration can be the history of the activity of the Zhytomyr State Philharmonic, as well as the similar establishement in other cities of Ukraine, the aim of such explorations can be the comparisement of the level of the musical education in one or another city, the influence of the prominent personalities as well. The urgent practical task of the representatives of the intelligence is the return to the philarmonies it`s natural historical accence of the activity.